HOW PROTEINS COMMUNICATE: THE MOLECULAR LANGUAGE BEHIND CELL SIGNALING

Authors

  • Dr. Samiyah Tasleem Hafiz Muhammad Ilyas Institute of Pharmacology and Herbal Science, Hamdard University Author
  • Faiza Akhtar Department of (Hons) Human Nutrition and Dietetics, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar Author
  • Muhammad Shahbaz Khan Afridi University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan Author
  • Noor Ul Ain Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad Author
  • Maria Aslam Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary and Animal Author
  • Esha Department of Food Science and Technology, Government College University Faisalabad Author
  • Syed Husnain Raza Shah Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310056, China Author
  • Saadia Fayyaz Department of University institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, University of Lahore Author
  • Muhammad Usama Department of Human Nutrition and dietetics, Government College University Faisalabad Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.62019/b2y07688

Keywords:

Protein-Protein Interactions (PPIs), Post-Translational Modifications (PTMs), Phosphorylation, Cellular Signaling

Abstract

Background: Proteins are crucial communicators in cells, converging signaling pathways through smooth interactions and modification that regulate cellular activity and responsiveness.
Objective: The current research was conducted to examine how proteins engage with each other through protein-protein interactions (PPIs) and post-translational modifications (PTMs) and how their disruption results in human diseases.

Methodology: Qualitative and integrative review of the literature was conducted utilizing peer-reviewed articles from the years 2015–2024, focusing on structural biology, proteomics, and disease models to investigate protein signaling mechanisms.

Results: The study identified that PTMs and PPIs like phosphorylation, ubiquitination, acetylation, and methylation play critical roles in ensuring signal fidelity; their deregulation is implicated in cancers, neurodegenerative, and autoimmune diseases.

Conclusion: Understanding protein communication language at the molecular level offers valuable insights into mechanisms of disease and a new door toward targeted therapeutic investigation.

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Published

2025-05-17

Issue

Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): Journal of Medical & Health Sciences Review

Section

Articles

License

All articles published in the Journal of Medical & Health Sciences Review (JMHSR) remain the copyright of their respective authors. JMHSR publishes its content under the Creative Commons Attribution‑NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY‑NC 4.0), which allows readers to freely share, copy, adapt, and build upon the work for non‑commercial purposes, provided proper credit is given to both the authors and the journal. 

How to Cite

HOW PROTEINS COMMUNICATE: THE MOLECULAR LANGUAGE BEHIND CELL SIGNALING. (2025). Journal of Medical & Health Sciences Review, 2(2). https://doi.org/10.62019/b2y07688